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When Nostalgia Tilts to Sad: Anticipatory and
Personal Nostalgia
has showcased many benefits of nostalgia, but its
data highlighted nostalgia’s mixed valence and suggested
that nostalgia
adaptive or maladaptive dimensions of nostalgia have not
Recently, a focus on when nostalgia is
of anticipatory nostalgia, missing the present prematurely before
become past. Distinct from personal nostalgia, anticipatory
nostalgia was found to be characterized
nostalgia by exploring the relationship between
dispositional nostalgia and reported experience with happy
stories. The Nostalgia Inventory, the Survey of Anticipatory
Nostalgia
anticipatory nostalgia did not differ in frequency
nostalgia, consistent with the distinction between
nostalgia for the
past and nostalgia for what is still present
In contrast to nostalgia’s dark origins in medical
contemporary researchers have largely rediscovered nostalgia
contradicted historical arguments that nostalgia reflects an inability
unfavorable aspects of nostalgia by highlighting its distinctive
most studies have found that nostalgia
2019). The extent to which nostalgia is
variable is the timing of nostalgia
experience that unfolds over time, nostalgia’s
When nostalgia focuses on loss that has
to the past. Dubbed anticipatory nostalgia, such
premature nostalgia has been introduced as a
al., 2019). A form of nostalgia by
can be distinguished from personal nostalgia. Personal
nostalgia is missing what has been
lost, whereas anticipatory nostalgia
not yet been lost. Anticipatory nostalgia
abstract construal, anticipatory nostalgia might engender psychological
Anticipatory nostalgia should not be confused with
nostalgia. Anticipated nostalgia is the prediction or expectation
in the present. Predicting future nostalgia is an
nostalgic missing. Expecting future nostalgia has been shown to predict
nostalgia after an important life transition
likelihood of expecting future nostalgia for more positive experiences
or valued events. Expecting future nostalgia was associated
the experience, and post-transition nostalgia
is not clear whether anticipatory nostalgia, premature
present, shares the benefits of nostalgia for
the sadness of loss, anticipatory nostalgia
disadvantages of anticipatory nostalgia assessed anticipatory nostalgia
anticipatory nostalgia as a construct distinguishable from
nostalgia (Batcho and Shikh, 2016). Unlike
nostalgia, dispositional anticipatory nostalgia was characterized by a
relationship between nostalgia and experience with stories. A
of the existing research on nostalgia has examined
during childhood generated nostalgia and played pivotal roles in
stories and personal and anticipatory nostalgia
stories. If experiencing nostalgia prematurely is less adaptive than
what is already past, anticipatory nostalgia will be aligned
reactions to stories, whereas personal nostalgia will
anticipatory nostalgia is associated with greater exposure
nostalgia with sadness reflects an overall
anticipatory nostalgia would be expected to correlate
of sad stories. If anticipatory nostalgia
expected to correlate with anticipatory nostalgia
processing, anticipatory nostalgia will be associated with greater
completed paper forms of the Nostalgia Inventory, the Survey of
Anticipatory Nostalgia, selected items from Watson and
The Nostalgia Inventory assessed personal nostalgia as a dispositional
definition of nostalgia as the longing for one
the Nostalgia Inventory yielded an acceptable level
The Survey of Anticipatory Nostalgia focuses on future loss rather
Nostalgia Inventory correlated moderately with mean
Survey of Anticipatory Nostalgia, r[(][142][)] = 0.52, p
not differ in average personal nostalgia scores, t(1
18) scored higher in anticipatory nostalgia than did men (M = 5
Nostalgia and Positive and Negative Affect
evidence for anticipatory nostalgia as a distinct construct. Ratings
measure of sadness. Personal nostalgia was not correlated with
p = 0.136, whereas anticipatory nostalgia correlated
Nostalgia and Experience With Happy and
relationship of personal and anticipatory nostalgia to exposure and
independent measures. Neither type of nostalgia
anticipatory nostalgia have not experienced happy and
sad stories. Neither type of nostalgia correlated significantly with
nostalgia does not reflect an underlying
correlations of personal and anticipatory nostalgia
anticipatory nostalgia both correlated with sadness induced
stories, but only personal nostalgia correlated significantly with
and anticipatory nostalgia differed in cognitive engagement with
stories. Personal nostalgia correlated with learning from happy
stories, whereas anticipatory nostalgia correlated with learning from
anticipatory nostalgia and a tendency to be
nostalgia may be less reactive to
that people prone to anticipatory nostalgia process sad
nostalgia are more reactive to happy
Contributions of Nostalgia and Stories to Mood
The contributions of nostalgia and stories to dispositional mood
and mean ratings from the Nostalgia Inventory and the Survey of
Anticipatory Nostalgia independent variables. The role of
0.223, gender, personal nostalgia, and anticipatory nostalgia were not
2 = 0.055, gender, personal nostalgia, and
anticipatory nostalgia were not significant. Dispositional sadness
associated with personal and anticipatory nostalgia. Not allowing
anticipatory nostalgia. Further research is needed also
understanding of adaptive functions of nostalgia would be
prone to personal or anticipatory nostalgia were
how those prone to nostalgia learn or benefit from happy
reinforced the importance of when nostalgia is
of anticipatory nostalgia as distinguishable from personal nostalgia
processes in personal and anticipatory nostalgia
functions of nostalgia within a meaningful practical context
current study, personal and anticipatory nostalgia
the distinction. Personal and anticipatory nostalgia both
participants prone to anticipatory nostalgia are not more sensitive to
sad stories. However, only personal nostalgia was associated with being
happy stories, suggesting that anticipatory nostalgia may
personal nostalgia was related to greater likelihood
happy stories, whereas anticipatory nostalgia was associated with
research differentiated personal and anticipatory nostalgia by
nostalgia both include missing, longing or
nostalgia, we enjoy valued aspects of
them twice. In anticipatory nostalgia, we have only the present
participants prone to anticipatory nostalgia had reported a greater
but anticipatory nostalgia did not predict generalized sadness
Consistent with prior research, anticipatory nostalgia did not
prone to anticipatory nostalgia are not generally unhappy
Given that personal and anticipatory nostalgia are both emotional
dynamics in the relationship of nostalgia to the impact
nostalgia may be more likely to
distinguish personal from anticipatory nostalgia
from sad stories with anticipatory nostalgia
determine if anticipatory nostalgia can be constructive in certain
distance, as anticipatory nostalgia allows loss to be confronted
nostalgia, the benefits of learning from
adaptive cognitive functions of anticipatory nostalgia
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Keywords: personal nostalgia, anticipatory nostalgia, stories
Citation: Batcho KI (2020) When Nostalgia Tilts to Sad: Anticipatory
and Personal Nostalgia. Front. Psychol. 11:1186. doi
Current Issues in Nostalgia Research